For parents looking for homework help, or to inspire kids with presidential examples beyond George Washington and Abraham Lincoln this Presidents' Day, you can take your young learner on a fun and educational meet-and-greet with the 44 U.S. presidents using these apps.
Source: http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/3036697/vp/46457311#46457311
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TEMPE, Ariz. (AP) ? Albert Pujols has arrived to begin his first spring training with the Los Angeles Angels.
Just as the sun was illuminating the Angels' facility, Pujols pulled his black Mercedes into the players' lot. Clutching a bag with some of his belongings, the three-time NL MVP headed to the clubhouse to meet his new teammates. The slugger's first stop was the equipment room, where he was introduced to several employees and clubhouse attendants.
Pujols left the St. Louis Cardinals after 11 seasons in December for a roughly $250 million contract with the Angels. He is scheduled to take infield and batting practice before holding a news conference at a hotel to discuss the next phase of his illustrious career.
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Ripping off tourists in restaurants in Vung Tau or Ha Long is not only an act that damages the image potential tourist destinations, but also raises a question:
Have business ethics been degraded?
The fact that tourists are getting scammed during their trips is no longer something new.
Hawkers asking tourists with insistence, forcing them to buy goods at high prices and even mugging them can be spotted every day in many different places.
In an era where money talks, are business ethics losing their value?
Talking to vendors at tourist destinations, I found their way of thinking very shallow.
They perceive tourists as rich people who visit these places once for a while and it is okay to overcharge them ?a little?.
This is probably also the perception of some owners at restaurants recently featured by local newspapers.
Obviously, they only see the instant gain rather than potential benefits in long term.
Many travelers have raised their voices, complained on websites about being ripped off and vowed that they would never come back or that they would be more careful purchasing anything there.
In the age of the internet, these boycott messages are spread quickly. Restaurants will lose customers and more seriously, the country may become less attractive in the eyes of foreign tourists.
The Vietnamese style of doing business has placed an importance on ethics for a long time.
Business people use their words and credit to make customers feel secure in choosing products or services.
The real revenue is the increasing number of customers, rather than the illegal gain from ripping off a few who will never return.
I hope those who are robbing customers rather than doing real business will think twice.
Don?t just concentrate on gaining instant money at the cost of losing the long term benefits and affecting the country?s friendly image for foreign travelers.
By NGUYEN DUOC
Source: Tuoi Tre Online
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Patents on Genetic Data Raise Legal Questions on Rights to DNA
Feb. 17 (Bloomberg) -- Gene-sequencing breakthroughs, spawning a fast-growing, multibillion-dollar market for drugs and medical tests, are also creating thorny questions over how to regulate commercial use of the human genetic code.
Health regulators are fashioning rules for bolstering oversight of laboratory-developed tests, including genetic analysis, that may show whether an individual is predisposed to certain diseases. Congress is determining whether patents on genetic material should be treated differently from other intellectual property.
The agencies, along with the U.S. Supreme Court in cases on genetic patents, are reviewing laws and policies enabling the use of genetic data to tailor treatment for each patient. The changing landscape affects companies including Quest Diagnostics Inc., Roche Holding AG and Pfizer Inc., the world's biggest drugmaker.
"The industry is optimistic about the promise of the technology but concerned about challenges on the regulatory and legal fronts," said Edward Reines, a patent attorney at Weil Gotshal & Manges LLP in Redwood Shores, California.
Genetic tests can indicate a patient's susceptibility to conditions including breast and ovarian cancer, cystic fibrosis, Huntington's disease or hemophilia -- and the most promising treatment. The tests alone account for as much as $6 billion in annual sales worldwide that may climb 15 percent a year, estimates Ross Muken, an analyst covering life sciences for Deutsche Bank Securities Inc.
Matching Patients, Products
The use of pairing drugs with diagnostics to help match patients with products rose almost six-fold from 2006 to 2011, according to the Personalized Medicine Coalition, a Washington- based nonprofit focused on educating the public and policy makers on medicine tailored to individuals.
The drugs involved include Pfizer's Xalkori for a rare form of lung cancer and Basel, Switzerland-based Roche Holding's Zelboraf for a life-threatening form of skin cancer. Both are accompanied by tests approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to detect gene mutations.
The Supreme Court may say on Feb. 21 whether it will hear two cases capable of changing the landscape for biotechnology companies. In the first, New Brunswick, New Jersey-based Johnson & Johnson is asking the court to overturn a ruling that patent owners must clearly describe what they said they have invented in all patents. The second seeks a review of an appeals court decision upholding the patentability of DNA sequences isolated by Myriad Genetics Inc.
Cancer Risk
In the case involving Salt Lake City-based Myriad, the owner of a test for the hereditary risk of breast and ovarian cancer contends that researchers created a new compound eligible for patent protection by extracting the specific sequence from the long strand of DNA.
Opponents including Ellen Matloff, director of the Yale Cancer Genetic Counseling Program, say Myriad simply identified material that exists in nature.
"We're all born with these genes," said Matloff, a plaintiff in the Myriad case. "They didn't create them. They don't deserve a patent."
Patents on individual DNA molecules including Myriad's are becoming "increasingly irrelevant" because the latest platforms sequence genes en masse to avoid the need to isolate a particular DNA molecule -- and potentially infringe a patent, said James Evans, a professor of genetics and medicine at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
'A Disaster'
Evans said he's more concerned about claims to patent a mental process, such as finding an association between genes and disease risk. The high court is considering the types of diagnostics tests eligible for legal protection.
"What I think would be a disaster would be if the courts were overly permissive," Evans said. Some patents are "abstract mental processes, and as such not patentable."
The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office is conducting a Congress-mandated study related to genetic testing and whether special provisions should be created to ensure access to second opinions on tests covered by patents. The first of two hearings was held yesterday, and a report is due in June.
"These are really intense and difficult questions," said Brenda Jarrell, a patent lawyer with Choate, Hall & Stewart in Boston who specializes in biotechnology. "It's clearly good to have incentives for companies, institutes or anyone to learn more about the genetic basis of disease and treatments."
Patent Options
The patent office probably will consider three options: setting more stringent requirements to obtain diagnostic patents, subjecting such patents to shorter terms than normal patents, or requiring patent owners to license their technology to competing labs, Jarrell said.
Patents aren't the stumbling block to availability, said Hans Sauer, associate general counsel for the Washington-based Biotechnology Industry Organization, said at the hearing.
"One has to strain quite hard to trace existing problems with patient access and utilization of genetic tests back to patents," said Sauer, who called insurance issues the greatest hindrance.
The patent agency's historical position that no special rules exist for individual technologies conflicts with social and public policy issues surrounding health care, said Antigone Peyton, a patent lawyer with Cloudigy Law PLLC, of Alexandria, Virginia.
"There's this intensely personal aspect that you have with diagnostic tests that you don't have with something like the iPhone," said Peyton, who co-authored a study on how patents affect access to genetic tests. "There are certain diagnostic patents that have been used to impede the kind of progress we could achieve. But that's the price we pay by giving rewards to those who innovate."
FDA Plan
Another source of concern for parts of the genetic medicine field is an FDA plan to oversee lab-developed tests. The policy covers genetic analysis and may affect as many as 30,000 laboratories, according to David Mongillo, former vice president for policy and medical affairs at the Washington-based American Clinical Laboratory Association.
The new, still-unspecified regulatory protocol would apply to tests made by large companies, such as Madison, New Jersey- based Quest and Burlington, North Carolina-based Laboratory Corp. of America Holdings, as well as diagnostics from smaller individual labs.
Regulation Concern
The lab industry says it's already sufficiently regulated by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services under the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments. Mongillo is concerned that FDA oversight will slow innovation.
"This whole area of genetic and molecular medicine is advancing so rapidly," Mongillo said. "What these labs can do is rapidly incorporate that new information into the laboratory- developed tests and improve it or better target a patient." FDA approval still takes time "and the patient suffers," he said.
It's bad tests that are causing patients to suffer, said Jeffrey Shuren, director of FDA's medical device review center.
"We've seen plenty of lab-developed tests that are inaccurate," Shuren told the House Energy and Commerce health subcommittee on Feb. 15.
Some labs copy other companies' FDA-approved tests, he said, and "who knows if they're actually any good? You may have tests that are directing patients to get drugs that they shouldn't, or not get drugs that they should, and that's a disaster."
To contact the reporters on this story: Andrew Zajac in Washington at azajac@bloomberg.net Susan Decker in Washington at sdecker1@bloomberg.net
To contact the editor responsible for this story: Michael Shepard at mshepard7@bloomberg.net
Find out more about Bloomberg for iPhone: http://m.bloomberg.com/iphone/Source: http://innovationprinciples.blogspot.com/2012/02/bn-patents-on-genetic-data-raise-legal.html
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Source: http://www.tuportalcatolico.info/green-cleaning-methods-are-best-for-home-improvement/
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ScienceDaily (Feb. 15, 2012) ? A medication commonly used to help people stop smoking may have an unanticipated positive side effect for an entirely different vice: drinking alcohol. A new study by University of Chicago researchers finds that varenicline, sold as Chantix, increases the negative effects of alcohol and therefore could hold promise as a treatment for alcoholism.
A group of heavy-to-moderate social drinkers given a single dose varenicline three hours before an alcoholic beverage reported increased dysphoria and reduced "liking," even when researchers controlled for the effects of nausea from the drug. Those effects upon the subjective response to alcohol could reduce drinking in people prone to bingeing and other forms of abuse.
"We found that varenicline increased the unpleasant effects of alcohol and decreased drug liking," said Emma Childs, PhD, research associate at the University of Chicago Medicine and first author of the study published in Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. "Thus, we think that varenicline may reduce drinking by altering the effects of alcohol."
Some patients prescribed Chantix to quit smoking have anecdotally reported a reduction in consumption of alcohol as well, and controlled studies in animals and humans have supported the effect. Researchers are now looking for neurobiological mechanisms that connect varenicline, a partial agonist of the brain's nicotinic receptors, with reduced alcohol craving or consumption.
"Smokers who use varenicline are approximately two to three times more likely to remain abstinent six months or more after their quit date," said Childs. "After it was approved, several patients treated with varenicline also reported reductions in their drinking, so investigators began to assess if this was an actual effect and how it might be produced."
The new experiment is the first to look at the acute effects of a single dose of varenicline on the subjective response to a subsequent alcoholic drink. Subjects were recruited based on heavy drinking behavior, not smoking behavior -- though the recruits did smoke 4 cigarettes a day on average.
15 subjects (8 men and 7 women) were brought to the laboratory for six different sessions. On each day, the subject received either a varenicline or placebo capsule, and then three hours later was given a drink containing 0, 0.4, or 0.8 mg/kg alcohol. Researchers monitored the effects of the drink on cardiovascular and eye movement measures, and subjects filled out questionnaires to report the subjective effects of the drink.
Compared to sessions where the subjects received a placebo pill, varenicline increased nausea, heart rate, blood pressure. After an alcoholic drink, self-reported dysphoria was increased while alcohol effects on subconscious eye movements (a measure of the drugs' objective effects) were reduced. Even after controlling for the effect of nausea upon the subsequent response to a drink, the increased dysphoria and reduced "drug liking" after drinking alcohol remained significant.
By increasing the negative effects of alcohol, varenicline might be most effective in people who are unable to stop consuming alcohol after only one drink, Childs said.
"Our findings shed light on the mechanism underlying why people consume less alcohol when they have taken varenicline," said Childs. "The pleasurable effects of alcohol, for example feeling 'buzzed' and talkative, are associated with greater consumption and binge drinking. Some people lose control of their alcohol consumption during a drinking episode, for example they may aim to only have one or two drinks but end up drinking say four or five. If varenicline counteracts these positive effects by producing unpleasant effects, then as a result people may consume less alcohol during a drinking episode."
The authors cautioned that their study only examined the acute effect of a single dose of varenicline, rather than the sustained exposure experienced with regular use of the drug. But because the effectiveness of varenicline has already been proven as a smoking cessation drug, the unanticipated effects on drinking may make people struggling with both behaviors a logical first target.
"Varenicline may find a nice niche in those individuals who are both nicotine and alcohol dependent, who we know represent a large portion of alcohol-dependent individuals," added Hugh Myrick, associate professor of psychiatry at the Medical University of South Carolina, who was not involved in the study. "Since there is a high comorbidity between nicotine and alcohol dependence, a single medication that could decrease the use of both substances would be ideal."
Funding for the research was provided by the National Institute on Drug Abuse and the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism.
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Source: http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/02/120215190138.htm
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NEW YORK (Reuters) ? The S&P 500 index retreated on Tuesday from near a seven-month high after weaker-than-expected January U.S. retail sales data curbed investors' appetite for risky assets.
Leading the fall was the financial sector, with two of the top three biggest decliners on the Dow Bank of America and JPMorgan Chase & Co (JPM.N).
Citigroup downgraded Bank of America Corp (BAC.N) to "neutral" from "buy," saying earnings headwinds would continue at the company even as capital concerns subside. Bank of America shares were down 1.1 percent at $8.16 and JPMorgan shares fell 1.5 percent to $37.70.
The 0.4 percent rise in retail sales fell short of the 0.7 percent increase expected by economists polled by Reuters and reflected cutbacks in car purchases and online shopping.
"The data shows that consumers are still hanging in there, just not as strong as we expected," said Scott Brown, chief economist at Raymond James at St. Petersburg in Florida.
"It shows that we are still battling some headwinds here, but the economy is definitely in a recovery mode."
The disappointing data added to concerns stemming from Moody's Investors Service downgrade on Monday of credit ratings on six euro-zone countries.
The Dow Jones industrial average (.DJI) was down 42.54 points, or 0.33 percent, at 12,831.50. The Standard & Poor's 500 Index (.SPX) fell 6.30 points, or 0.47 percent, at 1,345.47. The Nasdaq Composite Index (.IXIC) was down 12.93 points, or 0.44 percent, at 2,918.46.
On Monday, the S&P 500 rose near a seven-month high, up more than 25 percent from a low in early October. The benchmark index has encountered strong resistance in the 1,355-1,360 area.
In other data, U.S. business inventories rose 0.4 percent in December, slightly lower than an estimated increase of 0.5 percent in December.
A third report showed import prices rose a touch more than expected in January as petroleum and food rebounded strongly, but underlying inflation pressure from imports remained muted.
Late Monday, Moody's put Britain's Aaa rating in jeopardy for the first time and warned it may cut France and Austria as well. Moody's also downgraded six euro-zone nations, including Spain and Italy.
But data from Germany on Tuesday suggested that Europe's bulwark economy is picking up pace again. The ZEW economic think tank's monthly poll of economic sentiment jumped to 5.4 from minus 21.6 in January, well above the consensus forecast in a Reuters poll of analysts for a rise to minus 12.0.
Apple Inc (AAPL.O) plans to announce a fourth-generation (4G) version of its iPad in the first week of March, a Wall Street Journal report said, citing a person briefed on the matter. Apple shares rose slightly to $503.41 after hitting above the $500 mark for the first time on Monday.
(Editing by Kenneth Barry)
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Songwriter Bonnie McKee opens up to MTV News about the "real" songs she's writing with Perry.
By Jocelyn Vena, with reporting by Matt Elias
Katy Perry
Photo: Jeff Bottari/ Getty Images
Katy Perry's new single, "Part of Me," certainly shows a not-often-explored side of the pop singer. The scathing break-up track is all about the end of a great love and the empowerment one feels after watching that person walk away. It's darker than "California Gurls," that's for sure.
Considering the timing of the track's release, it's hard not to think that it's about her former husband, Russell Brand. It's the lead single off her March release, Teenage Dream: The Complete Confection, and it kicks off a new era of songwriting for the usually candy-coated pop star, her pal and frequent collaborator Bonnie McKee told MTV News last week, just days before she dropped the track.
"I've been working with Katy Perry a lot more, so I'm excited for what we have coming out next," she explained. The twosome already have a long history with one another having already cooked up hits like "California Gurls," "Teenage Dream" and "Last Friday Night (T.G.I.F.)" off 2010's Teenage Dream.
"I'm working with Katy and it's great," she continued. "I'm really excited and I think everyone is going to really relate to and love what she's doing next. It's kind of a departure from what she's been doing in the past. We are a great team when we write together because we don't let each other settle; every single line is a philosophical debate."
That means that while their past collaborations have focused on the sugary-sweet, this time they are looking deeper for their lyrical content. "She's going through some major life changes, so it's not all about bubble gum and fun; it's real and it's deep and she has a lot to say. So I think people are anxious to hear it," she said, adding that while there are those people who are rooting for the star, there will also always be the haters.
"You know what? The numbers don't lie," she said to those folks. "Katy Perry is a star for the people ... she's unstoppable and she's proven that."
What do you think of "Part of Me"? Leave your review in the comments section!
Related Photos Related ArtistsSource: http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1679282/katy-perry-new-music-deep.jhtml
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Knowing Their Place?: Identity and Space in Children's Literature
Terri Doughty (English Department, VIU) and Dawn Thompson (Chair, English Department, VIU) bring together several speakers who participated in a post-graduate conference on The Child and the Book at VIU in May 2009. The Conference proceedings were collected into a book of essays edited by Doughty and Thompson that explore indigeneity and place, analyze the relation between the child and the natural world, and study the role of fantastic spaces in the child?s construction of self.
Where individuals are situated matters as much if not more than it ever has. Traditionally in the West, children were expected to ?know their place,? but what does this mean in a contemporary, globalized world? Does it mean to continue to accept subordination to those larger and more powerful? Does it mean to establish and maintain a connection to one?s place of origin? Or is it about gaining an awareness of the ways in which identity is derived from a sense of place? Doughty and Thompson?s collection of essays maps a broad range of historical and present-day texts that explore how, in children?s literature, the physical places and psychological spaces inhabited by children and young adults help shape the identity of both characters and readers.
Doughty and Thompson will present an overview of the book after which participants ? Melissa Bachynski, a graduate student at the University of Western Ontario; Donna Flett, Aboriginal teacher, John Barsby Community School; Janet Grafton, a graduate student at the University of Northern British Columbia; and Sheila Grieve, Co-Chair, Early Childhood Education, VIU ? will give brief individual presentations on specific chapters.
Doughty will discuss the uses of liminal spaces in the identity formation process in Charles de Lint?s Young Adult fantasy fiction, and Thompson will share her reading of the implications of educational decisions that take Aboriginal youth away from home in Sherman Alexie?s The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-time Indian. Flett will present her argument that Drew Hayden Taylor?s Aboriginal Young Adult vampire novel The Night Wanderer contributes to a rethinking of the roles of elders in a youthful aboriginal population. Grafton will provide an ecocritical analysis of green space as healing space in novels by Frances Hodgson Burnett, L. M. Montgomery, and Dorothy Canfield Fisher. Grieve will discuss the importance of Aboriginal children having access to picture books which reflect indigenous experience, and finally Bachynski will share her analysis of moral development reflected in the worlds of London and Neverland in Peter Pan.
The presentation will be accompanied by refreshments and followed by discussion. It is free of charge, and students are especially welcome.
For more information, please contact Daniel Burgoyne (Daniel.Burgoyne@viu.ca), Timothy Lewis (Timothy.Lewis@viu.ca), or Deborah Torkko (Deborah.Torkko@viu.ca).
Source: http://www.harbourliving.ca/event/arts-humanities-colloquium2012/2012-02-10/
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Public release date: 13-Feb-2012
Share ] Contact: Wileen Wong Kromhout
wwkromhout@support.ucla.edu
310-206-0540
University of California - Los Angeles
In the effort to convert sunlight into electricity, photovoltaic solar cells that use conductive organic polymers for light absorption and conversion have shown great potential. Organic polymers can be produced in high volumes at low cost, resulting in photovoltaic devices that are cheap, lightweight and flexible.
In the last few years, much work has been done to improve the efficiency with which these devices convert sunlight into power, including the development of new materials, device structures and processing techniques.
In a new study, available online this week in the journal Nature Photonics, researchers at the UCLA Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science and UCLA's California Nanosystems Institute (CNSI) report that they have significantly enhanced polymer solar cells' performance by building a device with a new "tandem" structure that combines multiple cells with different absorption bands. The device had a certified power-conversion efficiency of 8.62 percent and set a world record in July 2011.
Further, after the researchers incorporated a new infrared-absorbing polymer material provided by Sumitomo Chemical of Japan into the device, the device's architecture proved to be widely applicable and the power-conversion efficiency jumped to 10.6 percent a new record as certified by the U.S. Department of Energy's National Renewable Energy Laboratory.
By using cells with different absorption bands, tandem solar cells provide an effective way to harvest a broader spectrum of solar radiation. However, the efficiency doesn't automatically increase by simply combining two cells. The materials for the tandem cells have to be compatible with each other for efficient light harvesting, the researchers said.
Until now, the performance of tandem devices lagged behind single-layer solar cells, mainly due to this lack of suitable polymer materials. UCLA Engineering researchers have demonstrated highly efficient single-layer and tandem polymer solar cells featuring a low-band-gapconjugated polymer specially designed for the tandem structure. The band gap determines the portion of the solar spectrum a polymer absorbs.
"Envision a double-decker bus," said Yang Yang, a professor of materials science and engineering at UCLA Engineering and principal investigator on the research. "The bus can carry a certain number of passengers on one deck, but if you were to add a second deck, you could hold many more people for the same amount of space. That's what we've done here with the tandem polymer solar cell."
To use solar radiation more effectively, Yang's team stacked, in series, multiple photoactive layers with complementary absorption spectra to construct a tandem polymer solar cell. Their tandem structure consists of a front cell with a larger (or high) band gap material and a rear cell with a smaller (or low) band gap polymer, connected by a designed interlayer.
When compared to a single-layer device, the tandem device is more efficient in utilizing solar energy, particularly by minimizing other energy losses. By using more than one absorption material, each capturing a different part of the solar spectrum, the tandem cell is able to maintain the current and increase the output voltage. These factors enable the increase in efficiency, the researchers said.
"The solar spectra is very broad and covers the visible as well as the invisible, the infrared and the UV," said Shuji Doi, research group manager for Sumitomo Chemical. "We are very excited that Sumitomo's lowband gap polymer has contributed to the new record efficiency."
"We have been doing research in tandem solar cells for a much shorter length of time than in the single-junction devices," said Gang Li, a member of the research faculty at UCLA Engineering and a co-author of the Nature Photonics paper. "For us to achieve such success in improving the efficiency in this short time period truly demonstrates the great potential of tandem solar cell technology."
"Everything is done by a very low-cost wet-coating process," Yang said. "As this process is compatible with current manufacturing, I anticipate this technology will become commercially viable in the near future."
This study opens up a new direction for polymer chemists to pursue designs of new materials for tandem polymer solar cells. Furthermore, it indicates an important step towards the commercialization of polymer solar cells. Yang said his team hopes to reach 15 percent efficiency in the next few years.
Yang, who holds UCLA's Carol and Lawrence E. Tannas Jr. Endowed Chair in Engineering, is also faculty director of the Nano Renewable Energy Center at the California NanoSystems Institute at UCLA.
The study was supported by the National Science Foundation, the U.S Air Force Office of Scientific Research, the U.S. Office of Naval Research and the U.S. Department of Energy, together with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory.
Sumitomo Chemical is one of Japan's leading chemical companies, offering a diverse range of products globally in the fields of basic chemicals, petro-chemicals, IT-related chemicals and materials, agricultural chemicals, and pharmaceuticals. The company's consolidated net sales for fiscal year 2010 were $23.8 billion.
###
The UCLA Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, established in 1945, offers 28 academic and professional degree programs and has an enrollment of more than 5,000 students. The school's distinguished faculty are leading research to address many of the critical challenges of the 21st century, including renewable energy, clean water, health care, wireless sensing and networking, and cybersecurity. Ranked among the top 10 engineering schools at public universities nationwide, the school is home to nine multimillion-dollar interdisciplinary research centers in wireless sensor systems, nanoelectronics, nanomedicine, renewable energy, customized computing, and the smart grid, all funded by federal and private agencies. (http://www.engineer.ucla.edu | http://www.twitter.com/uclaengineering)
For more UCLA news, visit the UCLA Newsroom and follow us on Twitter.
[ | E-mail | Share ] ?
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
Public release date: 13-Feb-2012 Share ] Contact: Wileen Wong Kromhout
wwkromhout@support.ucla.edu
310-206-0540
University of California - Los Angeles
In the effort to convert sunlight into electricity, photovoltaic solar cells that use conductive organic polymers for light absorption and conversion have shown great potential. Organic polymers can be produced in high volumes at low cost, resulting in photovoltaic devices that are cheap, lightweight and flexible.
In the last few years, much work has been done to improve the efficiency with which these devices convert sunlight into power, including the development of new materials, device structures and processing techniques.
In a new study, available online this week in the journal Nature Photonics, researchers at the UCLA Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science and UCLA's California Nanosystems Institute (CNSI) report that they have significantly enhanced polymer solar cells' performance by building a device with a new "tandem" structure that combines multiple cells with different absorption bands. The device had a certified power-conversion efficiency of 8.62 percent and set a world record in July 2011.
Further, after the researchers incorporated a new infrared-absorbing polymer material provided by Sumitomo Chemical of Japan into the device, the device's architecture proved to be widely applicable and the power-conversion efficiency jumped to 10.6 percent a new record as certified by the U.S. Department of Energy's National Renewable Energy Laboratory.
By using cells with different absorption bands, tandem solar cells provide an effective way to harvest a broader spectrum of solar radiation. However, the efficiency doesn't automatically increase by simply combining two cells. The materials for the tandem cells have to be compatible with each other for efficient light harvesting, the researchers said.
Until now, the performance of tandem devices lagged behind single-layer solar cells, mainly due to this lack of suitable polymer materials. UCLA Engineering researchers have demonstrated highly efficient single-layer and tandem polymer solar cells featuring a low-band-gapconjugated polymer specially designed for the tandem structure. The band gap determines the portion of the solar spectrum a polymer absorbs.
"Envision a double-decker bus," said Yang Yang, a professor of materials science and engineering at UCLA Engineering and principal investigator on the research. "The bus can carry a certain number of passengers on one deck, but if you were to add a second deck, you could hold many more people for the same amount of space. That's what we've done here with the tandem polymer solar cell."
To use solar radiation more effectively, Yang's team stacked, in series, multiple photoactive layers with complementary absorption spectra to construct a tandem polymer solar cell. Their tandem structure consists of a front cell with a larger (or high) band gap material and a rear cell with a smaller (or low) band gap polymer, connected by a designed interlayer.
When compared to a single-layer device, the tandem device is more efficient in utilizing solar energy, particularly by minimizing other energy losses. By using more than one absorption material, each capturing a different part of the solar spectrum, the tandem cell is able to maintain the current and increase the output voltage. These factors enable the increase in efficiency, the researchers said.
"The solar spectra is very broad and covers the visible as well as the invisible, the infrared and the UV," said Shuji Doi, research group manager for Sumitomo Chemical. "We are very excited that Sumitomo's lowband gap polymer has contributed to the new record efficiency."
"We have been doing research in tandem solar cells for a much shorter length of time than in the single-junction devices," said Gang Li, a member of the research faculty at UCLA Engineering and a co-author of the Nature Photonics paper. "For us to achieve such success in improving the efficiency in this short time period truly demonstrates the great potential of tandem solar cell technology."
"Everything is done by a very low-cost wet-coating process," Yang said. "As this process is compatible with current manufacturing, I anticipate this technology will become commercially viable in the near future."
This study opens up a new direction for polymer chemists to pursue designs of new materials for tandem polymer solar cells. Furthermore, it indicates an important step towards the commercialization of polymer solar cells. Yang said his team hopes to reach 15 percent efficiency in the next few years.
Yang, who holds UCLA's Carol and Lawrence E. Tannas Jr. Endowed Chair in Engineering, is also faculty director of the Nano Renewable Energy Center at the California NanoSystems Institute at UCLA.
The study was supported by the National Science Foundation, the U.S Air Force Office of Scientific Research, the U.S. Office of Naval Research and the U.S. Department of Energy, together with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory.
Sumitomo Chemical is one of Japan's leading chemical companies, offering a diverse range of products globally in the fields of basic chemicals, petro-chemicals, IT-related chemicals and materials, agricultural chemicals, and pharmaceuticals. The company's consolidated net sales for fiscal year 2010 were $23.8 billion.
###
The UCLA Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, established in 1945, offers 28 academic and professional degree programs and has an enrollment of more than 5,000 students. The school's distinguished faculty are leading research to address many of the critical challenges of the 21st century, including renewable energy, clean water, health care, wireless sensing and networking, and cybersecurity. Ranked among the top 10 engineering schools at public universities nationwide, the school is home to nine multimillion-dollar interdisciplinary research centers in wireless sensor systems, nanoelectronics, nanomedicine, renewable energy, customized computing, and the smart grid, all funded by federal and private agencies. (http://www.engineer.ucla.edu | http://www.twitter.com/uclaengineering)
For more UCLA news, visit the UCLA Newsroom and follow us on Twitter.
[ | E-mail | Share ] ?
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-02/uoc--uec021312.php
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Full Sail University Announces New Creative Writing Master of Fine Arts Online Degree
For more information about Full Sail, please visit www.fullsail.edu.
Winter Park, FL (PRWEB) January 20, 2010
Full Sail University (http://www.fullsail.edu), an award-winning entertainment media institution near Orlando, FL, is proud to announce the new Creative Writing Master of Fine Arts Online Degree Program, launching in March, 2010.
The 12-month degree program provides students with a focused knowledge and clear understanding of concepts such as: visual storytelling, narrative structures, multimedia terms and genres, character creation and development, screenwriting and storyboarding, script analysis and criticism, and script editing for a variety of niches and distribution methods in the entertainment media industry. This industry includes publishing, film and television, animation, and gaming.
The Creative Writing Master of Fine Arts Degree equips students with editorial skills and enhances their ability to create compelling stories and writing elements while enabling them to ultimately market their creative masterpieces. In addition, it develops and strengthens students? leadership, project-management, and research skills necessary for the development and execution of creative writing projects.
The new online Master?s degree will offer students the real world education that has defined Full Sail as an educational leader in the entertainment industry for the past 30 years. Students interact in the program through writer workshops, as well as the Full Sail Online critiquing mechanism used for feedback from faculty and peers and technical workshops.
The Full Sail Online platform offers students an innovative way to interact with instructors and fellow students over the Internet and gain access to course information 24 hours a day. To stay connected, Full Sail offers each student an Apple MacBook Pro through Project LaunchBox, which serves as their personal workstation throughout their education and into their careers.
Upon completion of the Creative Writing degree, students will be equipped with a professional creative writing portfolio tailored for careers in the entertainment media industry.
?Being able to offer students the knowledge and tools necessary to be successful creative writing professionals in the fast-paced world of entertainment media is very exciting,? said John Craig, Director of Creative Writing. ?Using the Full Sail Online platform, we are able to provide an excellent educational experience to anyone in the world.?
About Full Sail University:
Since 1979, Full Sail University, located outside of Orlando, FL, has been an innovative educational leader for those pursuing careers in the entertainment industry. With over 34,000 alumni, graduate credits include work on OSCAR?, Emmy? and GRAMMY?-winning projects, best-selling video games, and the #1 grossing U.S. concert tours. Full Sail?s 191-acre campus and online education platform proudly welcomes over 8,000 students from 50 states and 57 countries.
Full Sail currently offers a total of 29 degree programs including: Associate of Science Degree in Graphic Design and Recording Engineering; Bachelor of Science Degrees offered in: Computer Animation, Digital Arts & Design, Entertainment Business, Film, Game Art, Game Design, Game Development, Graphic Design, Internet Marketing, Music Business, Music Production, Recording Arts, Show Production, and Web Design & Development; Master of Science Degrees in Education Media Design & Technology, Game Design, Entertainment Business, and Internet Marketing; and Master of Fine Arts Degrees in Creative Writing and Media Design.
Full Sail was most recently named ?Best Company? in the 2009 Orlando Business Journal?s Reader?s Choice Awards, as well as the 2008 ?School/College of the Year? by the Florida Association of Postsecondary Schools and Colleges. The university has also been previously named: The Harvard of Game Schools by Tips & Tricks Magazine; one of the top three New Media Schools by Shift Magazine (alongside the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and New York University); one of the Top Five Game Degree Programs in the world by Electronic Gaming Monthly; one of the Best Music Programs in the country by Rolling Stone Magazine; one of the Best Music Business Departments in the Schools That Rock: The Rolling Stone College Guide; and one of the Best Film Programs in the country by UNleashed Magazine.
For more information about Full Sail, please visit http://www.fullsail.edu.
###
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Source: http://www.briefingwire.com/pr/phone-booster-reviews-to-add-advanced-features-to-its-site
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[Abstract]
PolyI:C is an artificial mimic of viral RNA composed withpolyinosinic?polycytidylic acid. It is well known that polyI:C not only caninduce both human and animal cell lines to secrete and synthese interferon butalso can regulate the cellular activites of immune system.So it has beenconsidered as an appropriate interferon inducer and an immune antitumordrugs .In this study, we attempt to observe the effects of polyI:C on mouseprostate cancer RM-1cell line in vivo and in vitro , then elucidate themechanism of it. Part 1 Methods: MTT assay was used to measure the cell proliferation and inhibitionrates;Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and DNA ladder strap wereused to analyze the cell cycle distribution profile and apoptosis;RT-PCR wasused to evaluate the influence of PolyI:C on mRNA expression ofBcl-2,Bax,Capase-3 .Results:(1)Effect of polyI:polyC on RM-1cell viability :Cellular viability resultsshowed that, in the presence of different concentrations of polyI:C(100ng/ml,200ng/ml, 400ng/ml) , the MTT reduction was markedly decreased .Thepercentage of cell inhibition was approximately(11.05?0.04)%,(13.1?0.03)% and ( 17.84?0.04 ) % at 24h.The percentage of cell inhibition wasapproximately(23.86?0.09)%,(34.32?0.08)% and ( 52.31?0.06)% at 48hand(47.32?0.02)%,60.33?0.02)% and(71.48?0.01)% at 72 h respectivelyAtthe same time, RM-1 cell cultures became less confluent as some cells roundedand detached from the culture plates, compared with the control .(2)Effects of PolyI:C on Apoptosis: The specific DNA ladder straps wasobserved in all treated groups through 1.5% agarose gel electrophoresis aftercultured with polyI:C for 48h and the apoptosis was in dose-time-depandentway.while there are no specific DNA ladder straps in the control.Flow Cytometryshows PolyI:C induced apoptosis and caused cells significantly accumulated in G1phase compared with the control.( 3 ) Effects of PolyI:C on Bcl-2,Bax and Capase-3 inRM-1cells :RT-PCR showed that, compared with the control, the express ofBcl-2 and the ration of Bcl-2/Bax were significantly decreased ,whereas theexpress of Bax and Capase-3 were significantly increased in PolyI:C group.Discussion:Apoptosis is a basic biological process that plays an important role in cellturnover in normal tissues, and may also activate cell suicide in tumor tissues8.Inmany cases, PCD involves a characteristic set of mortphological events, knownas apoptosis, which include plasma membrane blebbing, cell shrinkage,chromatin condensation, and nuclear fragmentation, followed ultimately by thebudding off of cellular fragments9.In this study, we observe polyI:C can directlyinhibit RM-1 cell growth and cause cycle-specific apoptosis .RT-PCR showedtthat the express of Bax and Capase-3were increased in the presence of PolyI:Cbut the express of Bcl-2 and the ratio of Bcl-2/bax were decrease Thus a majorantitumor mechanism of polyI:C involved in seems to be associate with itsmodulation of the Bcl-2/Bax pathway, interference with caspases.Part2&3Method:Established prostate carcinoma models by inoculating tumor cells tosubcutaneous tissue of mice;according to tumor weight randomly divided miceinto two groups;Measured the tumor relative volumn and mice weight tocalculate the inhibition rates of polyi:c;Drew the tumor growth curves and micesurvival curves;H-E staining and immunohistochemical SP were used toevaluate the change of bcl-2 , bax ,caspase-3 ,VEGF and eNOS protein ofprostate carcinoma tissue;TdT-mediated X-dU TP nick end labeling(TUNEL)technique was used to stain the apoptosis cells in situ.Result:(1) Effects of PolyI:C on antiproliferation:The body weight of polyI:Cgroup and the control is 27.68?3.49g and 28.64?3.02g separately. This resultshow that there is no significant difference between two groups( P >0.05).Butthe tumor weight of polyI:C group and the control is 1.58?0.67 and 4.14?1.56separately and the tumor index of of polyI:C group and the controlis14.45%?1.06%? 5.42%?0.17% separately.There is significant difference intumor weight and the tumor index between two groups( P
Title: Effects of PolyI: C on Mice Prostate Cancer
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Every day hundreds of auto accidents take place in Washington. These auto accidents change the lives of both the victims as well as their families. If you are suffering from Personal Injury Auto Accidents that have stopped you from working and from performing normal daily tasks, or if the injuries resulting from your auto accident have changed your life in any way, then you need a Washington Personal Injury Lawyerwho can thoroughly and effectively handle your Personal Injury case. However, before you select a Washington personal injury attorney, you must do your research. To gather the information you need regarding auto accidents, truck accident, motorcycle accidents, bicycle accidents, pedestrian accidents, and even construction accidents, go to ?Autoinjuryaccidentblog.com?.
?Autoinjuryaccidentblog.com? is a reliable and comprehensive platform that specializes in delivering useful content regarding Auto Accidents and Personal Injury Legal Information. Autoinjuryaccidentblog.com is sponsored by Shawn Briggs and The Law Offices of Briggs & Briggs. Briggs & Briggs is Washington?s premier personal injury law firm. The Law Offices of Briggs & Briggs consists of a team of highly experienced attorneys who are capable of handling any case related to personal injury, especially those that involve automobiles, trucks, semis, motorcycles, bicycles (bikes), and even pedestrians and those injured on a construction job. Our Personal Injury Tacoma Attorneys, Lakewood Attorneys, and Olympia Attorneys carefully research your case and then offer the best solutions so you can achieve peace of mind and the best settlement possible.
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For more information please visit our website at: http://autoinjuryaccidentblog.com/ .
There's a lot of choice for playing your music on Android. For every option that plays music from your local storage, there's one that pulls music from the cloud and streams it. Both have their advantages, as well as disadvantages. Streaming can play havoc on your battery and your data allotment, but the almost limitless catalog of tunes is pretty handy. Conversely, it takes less juice and no data connection to play from your device itself, but you're working with limited space.
Personally, I do both. I keep four or five of my favorite albums on my phone, and I use Google Music to stream the rest of my collection. What about you? Let us know in the poll!
 |  |
Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/androidcentral/~3/zjliBXMcX28/story01.htm
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www.youtube.com Click this to watch White Knight Chronicles: In The Game (Gameplay Overview) S02E05 White Knight Chronicles: Video Game Review (5/10) S02E10 This week on the VGR, Turtle checks out the Japanese RPG White Knight Chronicles? What will his opinion of this RPG be this week? Watch and find out! ? - ? - ? - ? - ? - ? - ? - ? - ? - ? - ? - ? - ? - ? - ? - ? - ? - ? - ? - Follow Machinima on Twitter! Machinima twitter.com Inside Gaming twitter.com Machinima Respawn twitter.com Machinima Entertainment, Technology, Culture twitter.com FOR MORE MACHINIMA, GO TO: www.youtube.com FOR MORE GAMEPLAY, GO TO: www.youtube.com TAGS: yt:quality=high White Knight Chronicles Level Sony Computer Entertainment PS3 Playstation UPC 711719814627 International Edition rpg rogue galaxy leveling hud skill PC Xbox 360 console games video game in the gameplay video game review vgr
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Source: http://www.gamingvideotube.com/video/white-knight-chronicles-video-game-review-510-s02e10/
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